Chewing Gum for Health Part 1.

This article explores the health benefits and potential risks of chewing gum. However, most modern chewing gums are made from synthetic rubbers. Original gums were made from the sap of trees, such as spruce or Manilkara chicle.People have been chewing gum in various forms for thousands of years.

The Question is raising now,

What is Chewing Gum? 

Recipes can vary between brands, but all chewing gums have the following basic ingredients:
Gum: The non-digestible, rubbery base used to give gum its chewy quality.
Resin: Usually added to strengthen gum and hold it together. 
Flavorings: Added to give a desired flavor. They can be natural or synthetic. 
Fillers: Fillers, such as calcium carbonate or talc, are used to give gum texture. 
Softeners: These are used to retain moisture and prevent the gum from hardening. They can include waxes like paraffin or vegetable oils. 
Sweeteners: Popular ones include cane sugar, beet sugar and corn syrup. Sugar-free gums use sugar alcohols like xylitol or artificial sweeteners like aspartame. 
Preservatives: These are added to extend shelf life. The most popular choice is an organic compound called butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT).
All ingredients used in the processing of chewing gum have to be “food grade” and classified as fit for human consumption. Most chewing gum manufacturers keep their exact recipes a secret. They often refer to their specific combination of gum, resin, filler, softeners and antioxidants as their “gum base.”
Studies have found that chewing gum while performing tasks can improve various aspects of brain function, including alertness, memory, understanding and decision making (19, 20, 21, 22, 23).
In one study, people who chewed gum during tests performed 24% better in short-term memory tests and 36% better in long-term memory tests (24). Interestingly, some studies have found that chewing gum during tasks could be a bit of a distraction at the start, but they could help you focus for longer periods (25).
Other studies have only found benefits during the first 15–20 minutes of a task (26).
How chewing gum improves memory isn’t fully understood. One theory is that this improvement is due to increased blood flow to the brain caused by chewing gum.
Studies have also found that chewing gum could reduce stress and increase feelings of alertness (27, 28, 29). In university students, chewing gum for two weeks decreased feelings of stress, particularly in relation to academic workload (30). This could be due to the act of chewing, which has been linked to reduced levels of stress hormones like cortisol (31, 32, 33).
The benefits of chewing gum on memory have only been shown to last while you’re chewing the gum. However, habitual gum chewers may benefit from feeling more alert and less stressed throughout the day (24, 27, 34).

 

 How much ingredients are save?

In general, chewing gum is considered to be safe. However, some brands of chewing gum contain small amounts of controversial ingredients. Even in these cases, the amounts are generally much lower than the amounts considered to cause harm.
BHT ( Butylated Hydroxytoluene )
 BHT  is an antioxidant that’s added to many processed foods as a preservative. It stops food from going bad by preventing fats from becoming rancid. 
Its use is controversial, as some animal studies have shown high doses can cause cancer. Yet, the results are mixed, and other studies haven’t found this effect. 
Overall, there are very few human studies, so its effects on people are relatively unknown.
Nevertheless, at low doses of around 0.11 mg per pound of body weight (0.25 mg per kg), BHT is deemed generally safe by both the FDA and EFSA. 
Titanium Dioxide
Titanium dioxide is a common food additive used to whiten products and give them a smooth texture.
Some animal studies have linked very high doses of titanium dioxide with nervous system and organ damage in rats. However, studies have provided mixed results, and its effects in humans are relatively unknown.
At the moment, the amount and type of titanium dioxide people are exposed to in food is generally considered to be safe. Nevertheless, more research is needed to determine the safe consumption limit.  (9, 10, 11).

Aspartame
Aspartame is an artificial sweetener commonly found in sugar-free foods.
It’s highly controversial and has been claimed to cause a range of problems from headaches to obesity to cancer.
However, there’s currently no evidence that aspartame causes cancer or weight gain. Evidence for a connection between aspartame and metabolic syndrome or headaches is also weak or nonexistent (12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17).
Overall, consuming amounts of aspartame that are within the daily intake recommendations isn’t thought to be harmful (18)
Aspartame
Aspartame is an artificial sweetener commonly found in sugar-free foods.
It’s highly controversial and has been claimed to cause a range of problems from headaches to obesity to cancer.
However, there’s currently no evidence that aspartame causes cancer or weight gain. Evidence for a connection between aspartame and metabolic syndrome or headaches is also weak or nonexistent (12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17).
Overall, consuming amounts of aspartame that are within the daily intake recommendations isn’t thought to be harmful (18).

This article is still continued to Written more. So see the next post for more about chewing gum. 

 

 

 

 

 

Class Nine Model Paper 2. English

Monthly Test June, 2010

Class Nine Model Paper No 2. (English)

Note: You have four choices for each objective type question as A, B, C and D. Choose the option which you think is correct. Cutting or use of remover will result in zero marks.

 

Q.1 (a) Choose the correct form of verb. (5)

 

 

Q

Question

(A)

(B)

(C)

(D)

1

For how long did you …………… here?

waits

waited

waiting

wait

2

I had been …………….. cricket since 1970.

play

playing

played

plays

3

They ………………… us yesterday at hotel.

invites

inviting

invited

invite

4

He was………………… a bike when he met me.

ride

rode

rides

riding

5

I had never ……………. snow before I went to Murree.

seen

sees

saw

seeing

 

(b) Choose the word with correct spellings.

(4)

Q

(A)

(B)

(C)

(D)

1

traverse

treverse

trevares

trivears

2

rilieved

releived

relieved

ralieved

3

leadarship

ledership

ladrship

leadership

4

ablaition

ablution

abletion

ableation

 

 

 

 

 

(c) Choose the correct option of the underlined words. (5)

 

Q

Question

(A)

(B)

(C)

(D)

1

The upper level of the interior is adorned with blue paint. The underlined word is the antonym of,

lower

outer

higher

splendid

2

Keep up your morale. The underlined word is the synonym of,

wealth

self-esteem

section

voice

3

The little birds are piping yet. The underlined word is the synonym of,

twittering

weeping

crying

yelling

4

Vindictive means.

dedicate

text

dedicate

experiment

5

Astonish means.

make

separate

mix

surprise

 

(d) Choose the correct option according to the grammar. (5)

 

Q

Question

(A)

(B)

(C)

(D)

1

Some are born great. The underlined word is a/an

possessive pronoun

indefinite pronoun

reflexive pronoun

personal pronoun

2

We watched him go. The underlined word is a/an

past participle

gerund

present participle

infinitive

3

The shoe is pressing on my toe. The underlined word is a/an

prepositional phrase

noun phrase

adjective phrase

adverb phrase

4

Nobody was there to rescue the child. The underlined word is a/an

noun

verb

infinitive

adjective

5

Saqib is leaving on Friday for Lahore. The underlined word is a/an

adverb of place

adverb of number

adverb of manner

adverb of time

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

SUBJECTIVE TYPE

 

Class: Eight Subject: English

Time:2:10 hour Marks: 56

Q2. Answer any five of the following questions. (2 x 5 = 10)

1. What was Quaid’s concept of our nation?

2. How did Hazrat Asma (R.A) console her grandfather?

3. Why was a heavy iron chain hung ath the entrance of the court?

4. Why did Quaid have to take long tour during the early days of independence?

5. Why was Hazrat Abu Quhafaa(R.A) worried?

6. What other word you can use for “accepted”?

7. How does the interior of the mosque look?

Q3. Translate the any two of the following paragraphs into Urdu. (4 + 4=8)

(i)                 The upper level of the interior is adorned with blue paint. More than 200 stained glass windows with intricate designs allow natural light to brighten up its interior and the chandeliers further illuminate it with their glow. The decorations include verses from the Holy Quran. The floors are covered with carpets.

(ii)               On the night of migration, a tribal chief of disbelievers, Abu Jehl, in a fit of fury headed towards Hazrat Abu Bakr Siddique’s (R.A) home. He began knocking at the door violently. Addressing HazratAsma (R.A), He determined, “Where is your father?” She politely replied, “How would I know?” This response shows the wisdom and courage of Hazrat Asma(R.A).

(iii)             Quaid was a man of strong faith and belief. He firmly believed that the new emerging state of Pakistan based on Islamic principles would reform the society as a whole. In his Eidmessage, September 1945, Quaid-e-Azamsaid, “Islam is a complete code regulating the whole Muslim society, every department of life collectively and individually.”

Q4. Write down the Summary of the poem “Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening” by Robert Frost. (OR)

Paraphrase the paragraph into simple English with reference to context. )5(

Continuous as the stars that shine

And twinkle on the milky way,

They stretched in never-ending line

Along the margin of bay:

Ten thousand saw I at a glance,

Tossing their heads in sprightly dance.

Q5. Use any five of the following words / phrases/ idioms in your own sentences. )5(

 

surrounded In the light of power and means sterling

inward eye frequently frequently

Q6. Write a letter to your friend requesting him to lend you some books. )8(

Q7. Read the following passage and answers the questions given at the end of the paragraph. (10)

The sultan sent agents to all parts of the East to buy rare manuscripts, ansbring them back to Cordova. His men were constantly searching the booksellers shops at Cairo, Damascus and Baghdad for rare volumes for his library. When the book was not to be bought at any price, he would have it copied; and sometimes even hear of a book which was only in the author’s mind, and send him a handsome present and beg him to send the first copy to Cordova. By such means he gathered no fewer than four hundred thousand books and this at a time when printing was unknown, and every copy had to be painfully copied in the fine clear hand of the professional copyist.

Questions:

i.                    Why did sultan send his agents to all parts of the East?

ii.                  Where and what for they searched the booksellers’ shops?

iii.                What would he do when the author had not yet written the book?

iv.                 Why was it difficult to collect so many books in those days?

v.                   What would he do when any book was not to be bought at any price?

Q.8 Translate any five of the following sentences into English. )5(

امیر آدمی غریب کو خیرات نہیں دے رہا تھا۔ (i)

کیا مدد ملنے سے پہلے زخمی مر چکا تھا؟ (ii)

انہوں نے اپنے دوست کا ساتھ نہ دیا۔ (iii)

لڑکی دس دن سے یہ کتاب پڑھ رہی تھی۔ (iv)

ہم نے اس سے پہلے اسے نہیں دیکھا تھا۔ (v)

مجید نے خوبصورت تصویر بنائی۔ (vi)

کیاآپ مارچ سے چینی کا کاروبا کر رہے تھے؟ (vii)

Q.9 Change the voice of the following. )5(

i. She bought five video films.

ii. They had not done their job.

iii. Who did write such a letters?

iv. The board had given me a gold medal.

v. Why were they beating the boy?